How and why is the idea of redistribution of equal resourses Essay

How and why is the idea of redistribution of equal resourses challenged by the idea of equal opportunity and recognition - Essay Example This is because these regions hold almost 80 percent of the world’s wealth. The Korean Peninsula, for instance, holds a fifth of the entire world’s wealth. The south is represented by Africa and Latin America (Shafir and Brysk, 2006). This region, compared to the rest of the world records high levels of poverty, ravaged by disease and is characterised by overall underdevelopment. Despite calls for re-distribution to reverse this trend, the recently emerging call for free-market thinking has placed re-distribution advocates on the defence. Nevertheless, equal claims for re-distribution have contributed a paradigm case for most theories that regard social justice for the past one hundred and fifty years (Fraser and Honneth, 2003). However, in the contemporary world, there has arisen another second kind regarding claims for social-justice referred to as politics of recognition (Robinson, 2003). The objective of the politics of recognition, in its most feasible shape, is a world that is keen on embracing the varied diversity that characterises humanity. Proponents of recognition call for a world where there will no longer be assimilation to majority cultural norms that are prevalent and dominant whereupon the consequent subscription to such norms is equated to the ultimate price of equal respect. A case in point would be calls to recognise diverse ethnic points of view as well as distinctive sexual and racial minorities as well as differences in gender. In the recent past, this claim has been on the rise among political philosophers. Additionally, the said political philosophers seek to endear their effort towards developing a distinct school of thought for justice centred on recognition. On overall basis as Bauman (1998) observes, it follows that the world is faced with a fresh constellation. The subject matter for social justice has now taken a dual perspective as it is split between recognition on one hand and re-distribution on the other. However,

The History And Background Of Puma Marketing Essay

The History And Background Of Puma Marketing Essay Puma is a German company that established in 1948 by Rudolf Dassler. Puma produces sport categories such as sport shoes and sport clothing for different types of sports like football and golf. Puma is considered as the third successful brand at this field; the other two companies are Nike and Adidas (Puma, n.d.). The most commonly made Puma products are the athletic Puma shoes and that due to the fact that the first pumas products were shoes. For more details, Puma first football sneaker was produced in 1948 and it was worn in the first football match after the war by the Herbert Burdenski; the scorer who scored the first goal after the war (Puma,n.d.). As well as that, 48% of Puma profits from footwear which makes it the most selling Puma product (Puma, 2013). Puma shoes contain different types of sneakers for different types of sports such as running shoes, football shoes and cricket shoes. Varieties: Puma shoes have a unique design, using the technology; the shoes moulds are injected with the light foam materials by L.I.F.T (Lite Injected Foam Technology). As a result, this way decreases the weight of the shoes which makes the shoes very light and speedy. Moreover, it saves the materials of the shoes/cheaper to make; because with this process there is no need for -sutures and adhesions- process (Nely, 2010). As well as that, Puma shoes designed in a way that allows the feet to breathe some fresh air which makes the shoes smooth and comfortable for the wearer. In addition, the Puma shoes made to prevent friction and sliding so it protects the person who wears them from any accidence (Nely, 2010). Colours: There are the main colours for each type of shoes and also the customers can be customized by the customer. For example, the customer can change the colour of more than 10 parts of the shoe to match the costumers taste; from the outsole to the Puma logo (see appendix 1). This gives the customer who liked the design of the shoes but not its colours the ability to change it to suit his taste and his outfit. Logo: Moreover, the Puma logo stands for a jumping Puma; a type of cats that can leap with a one bounce to twenty feet high. The puma logo is putted on each of Pumas products and its shoes (Mokokoma, 2009). This logo expresses the strength, the speed and the power that Puma have in its shoes. Slogan: In addition, the Puma slogan is the nature of performance which means that every action is real, every attitude is innate and all of the player movements are natural. Puma uses this slogan with most of its shoes with changing the word -performance-. For example, it used slogan the nature of the Speed junkie for evoSPEED 1 FG shoes which gives an idea to the costumers about the main feature of this shoes (Puma, 2012). Personality: Puma personality is all about agility, speed, strength and creative. Its personality can be seen and known just by looking at the pictures they use on Puma website; athletics wearing Puma shoes and they are running agility and flexibility and their face features express the strength they have (see appendix 2). Promotion:- Social media: Puma has many social media accounts; on Facebook . Twitter, Youtube, Tumbler and Instagram as @ Puma which they can be found so easily. On their Facebook Page, they have more than 9 million people who liked their page! They also publish news constantly and include pictures with the resent news; so they avoid make the news boring and hard to read (Puma Facebook, 2013). Moreover, on Youtube, they have their own and official channel since 2005. On Youtube, they promote their selves by uploading videos for their new products or their events and their videos are about 3 minutes so they keep it interesting and not tedious (Puma Youtube,2013). Furthermore, on Instagram account, they post interesting and colourful pictures for their products and they attract their customers attention to their new product by distributing part of its pictures. For example, they post a picture of their new shoes that called Puma pigeon shoes and it was hidden between pigeons so only part of it can be seen (see appendix 3) (Puma Instagram,2013). Sponsorships: Puma sponsors of many sport teams, players, athletes and even coaches from different countries. It sponsors of many national football teams such as Italy team, Austria team and Switzerland team. What is more, Italy national team won the FIFA World Cup in 2006 and the players were wearing blue Puma shoes (Puma, 2006). Puma also sponsors of running athletics like Usain Bolt and Moses Kipsiro. Usain Bolt is the fastest man in this world (Puma, n.d.). In addition, it sponsors of golfers such as Lexi Thompson who won the Navistar LPGA Classic in 2011 and turned from Novice player to the youngest professional player at golf (Puma, 2011). Events: Puma holds events for different sports in many places in the world to promote their products. For instance, Puma held a campaign SOoo Fast in 2005 which demonstrated the fact that Puma has spirit of hilarity and adventure. The event was about people wearing shoes of Puma SOoo Fast and doing different activates like dancing. The aim of SOoo Fast campaign was to show the physical exertion and mental effort mixed with fun (Modi, 2010). As well as that, there is a calendar for the upcoming events on Puma website to inform people about their events, they update it every month and this month they have 9 upcoming events (see appendix 4). Advertising: Puma advertisements are so colourful, creative and interesting. They use different media to advertise about their products such as TV, social media, banners and posters. Advertising on social media are always attractive and are spoken directly to the customers minds by using the words you, your, we, us and after every shoes advertisement they say share your shoe pictures and tag our account (Puma Twitter, 2013). This way is very useful to the social media users who want to share everything they have and take or buy everything they dont have to share it with others. Moreover, the banners they use are so creative and innovative; sometimes they use animal or background that matches the shoes colours and sometimes they create attractive designs that show the strength of the shoe (see appendix 5). Price:- Cost and discounts: There are varying prices for Puma shoes. According to Puma store on their website the highest cost for a pair of shoes is 220$ -AMP Cell Fusion Golf Shoes- and the lowest one is 55$ -PowerCat 4 IT Indoor Trainers- so they are available for everyones financial condition. Although, there is a discount -more than 20$- on some shoes such as Faas 300 Running Shoes; it was 75$ and now it is 45$. Shipping: Puma store on the official website provides free shipping to its customers who buy a product over 85$ and this is available every day to every customer. Pricing comparison: Compared to Puma competitors prices -Nike and Adidas- Puma has lower prices than them. Puma has reasonable prices which makes it suitable for everyone. Place: Company headquarters: The main Puma headquarter is in Germany at Herzogenaurach city and the other three headquarters are in Boston-USA, London-UK and Hong Kong-China (graphisoft, n.d.). On the puma website they put the address details for all of their headquarters. Online: Puma has official website on World Wide Web -Puma.com-. The official website establishes everything about Puma brand. The official also gives the customer the ability to find the Puma stores on his country and give him the location of the stores by providing a map of the store. Marketing description:- Inform: Puma keeps informing their costumers about every product that released. Moreover, Puma always gives an idea for its customers about the new shoes by using the suitable media to inform the target audience of the new shoes. They always want their costumers to know every single detail about their new sneakers like where it is made or when it is released. For instance, puma informed their costumers on Instagram, twitter and the Puma official website about the new Puma Mobium Elite shoes and they give lots of details about it. They said where it is from -Germany-, who designed it Ray Horachek -, where the costumer can find them -in every Puma stores- and when it is available -6/2/2013-. They also post a picture about how the Mobium shoes get created (see appendix 6) (Puma Instagram, 2013). Remind: Puma also keeps reminding its costumer about the new shoes to stay in their minds and never forget about it. Moreover, to remind the costumer Puma keeps repeating the new products advertisings in different social media sites like Facebook, Instagram and Twitter For example, when it comes to Mobium Elite shoes, Puma did not stop publishing about it on Instagram, Twitter, Facebook and Youtube. They post different pictures of it and tweet about it on Twitter for more than 2 months since it released to remind. Persuade: Puma uses some ways to convince its costumer to buy the shoes. They speak directly to the costumers minds to make them feel that Puma shoes are their shoes and they need to get them. In addition, they show them famous sport players wearing Puma shoes which make the costumer feels that those Puma shoes are not normal because even the popular players wear them. For instance, when they advertised about Mobium Elite shoe, Puma on twitter said Be first to experience Adaptive Running , Prepare for the future of running and They were born to keep moving; those statements captured the customers hearts which makes some of them said Running will never be the same and The Mobium definitely makes me run Faster!. Furthermore, they post a picture of Sabrina Mockenhaupt wearing Mobium Elite shoe; she is a famous long-distance runner from Germany. On twitter they also announced about a contest for the most innovative shoe; everyone who shares a picture of him/her running with Mobium Elite shoe will enter the competition (Puma Running Twitter, 2013). Companys Branding Message:- Puma brand want to deliver its message to its customers minds that they are not a company which produces sport categories just for sports without any other purpose. However, Puma is a company which mixes the sport and the lifestyle together and makes them one brand that called Sportlifestyle. For more clarification, Puma mixes its performance that is all about the strength, agility and technical innovations with the lifestyle that is influences by cultural relevance, leadership style of urban and thrilling design innovation. Puma is trying to give the players from Sportlifestyle brand the joy and it is trying to make them enjoy every joyful moment in every game. Moreover, Puma says from its advertisements that we are making the customer enjoys the sport in his daily life without forgetting the fashion and style influences (Koch, 2012). Everyone who sees the pictures that Puma posts on Instagram can notice its brand message. They upload on their Instagram account pictures of normal people wearing Puma sneakers and doing their daily activities in front of scenes from everyday life. Furthermore, they post pictures which show that Puma shoes designed in certain ways to give their customers the fashion and style. As well as that, they use the PUMAlife, PUMAstyle and Sportlifestyle hash tags with most of their Instagram photos to share them with everyone (see appendix 7). Puma also says it is message directly in its twitter bio PUMA successfully fuses the creative influences from the world of sport, lifestyle fashion. All of the above proves that Puma message is to let everyone feels and lives the joy moments after Puma mixed the sport with the lifestyle. Two Different Advertisements:- First Advertisement: The first advertisement was displayed on a Japanese TV Spot and it is about Puma PowerCat 1.12 shoes (shabba08, 2012). This advertisement shows the journey of a football between PowerCat 1.12 shoes wearers in Japan. Type: TV advertisement URL: http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreenv=ZPY5yNVtBD8NR=1 Target audience: The target audience of this advertisement is Japanese from both gender girls and boys but mostly for boys -there are six boys who hit the ball and one girl-. The target audiences age is between 15 and 35 so they are all youth -the video shows different ages starting from the footballer who is 29 years old at the begging years to the little boy at the end who looks 15 years old-. Furthermore, when it comes to the financial background of the target audience it is not specific type because as the advertisement shows that the PowerCat 1.12 wearers are from different social positions -some of them dressed nicely football outfits and the others were farmer and villager-. Moreover, as the video shows that the most PowerCat 1.12 wearers are the people who are interesting in football and playing it -PowerCat 1.12 designed as football boots (Elliot, 2011)-. Advantages: Using the captain of the Japanese national team Makoto Hasebe in this advertisement is one of its advantages since the nationality of the target audience is Japanese. Therefore, this is a good way to attract the Japanese people who are interesting in playing football because Makoto Hasebe is one of the most famous football players in Japan. Showing the power and the strength of the PowerCat 1.12 shoes in this advertisement is also another advantage. It shows that every foot wears PowerCat 1.12 shoes get the power to run and jump after the ball no matter where is the player; in stadium, street or even a farm and no matter how old the player 15 or 30. It also shows the strength on the player face when he is hitting the ball with PowerCat 1.12 shoes and the joy and happiness after hitting the ball. Disadvantages: Using only one girl in this advertisement is not enough to show that this product is also for girls. If someone watch it for one time only, he will notice and remember the six boys but he will not remember the girl. To deliver the message that this product for both genders, there should be more girls who are wearing PowerCat 1.12 shoes; regardless of the fact that she was not wearing PowerCat 1.12 shoes but got the power to hit the ball from the guy who was next to her and he was handling PowerCat 1.12 shoes on his shoulder. Using this kind of idea for football commercials -passing the football around the world and then back to the playground- has became so familiar, commonplace and hackneyed. This kind of advertisement has being used a lot, so now it is not that much interesting to the viewers because the customers want new ideas to attract them, to steal their hearts and to persuade them to buy the product. Second Advertisement: The second advertisement is contributed on Puma official website online and it is about Puma evoSPEED shoes (Puma, 2012). This advertisement shows the speed of those shoes and how can anyone become fast just by wearing them. Type: Online video URL: http://www.puma.com/evospeed Target audience: The target audience of this advertisement are men from everywhere in the world who are youth and about 24 to 35 years old. In addition, this advertisement is directed to the sport players and the people who are doing those activities; the sports are running, football, cricket, golf and motor racing. This advertisement shows the players who are popular in playing those sports and they are from different countries, so this proves what I said before. Moreover, it is for the people who want the speed and want to be fast like Usain Bolt the fastest person on the earth. Advantages: Using the fastest man in the world Usain Bolt in this advertisement to present the evoSPEED shoes is a really useful way to attract the people who want to be faster and to persuade them to buy the those shoes. As well as that, it gives the customer an idea about from where Bolt gets his speed and gives them an opportunity to be like Bolt and get the speed of Bolt. Using a treadmill for the sport players to race on it and also the speed of this treadmill is the speed of evoSPEED is a great idea to show the rated speed that evoSPEED shoes have. They show that everyone could not handle the speed of treadmill which is the evoSPEED but only the one who was wearing them was able to keep up with the treadmills speed. This was an amazing way to inform the customers about the features of evoSPEED shoes. Disadvantages: In the advertisement they make the golfer Rickie Fowler faster than the footballer Sergio Agà ¼ero and the cricketer Yuvraj Singh. This is not true in the real life because Sergio Agà ¼ero is faster than him and how can a golfer be faster than footballer. As a result, this kills the credibility of a good concept for a commercial. Using F1 driver Fernando Alonso for such an advertisement about how to speed up your feet is useless because F1 drivers do not race using their feet, they race using cars. Therefore, the customers will not feel the need to have evoSPEED shoes for a motor race cause they only need to speed up their cars to win. Rather than using F1 driver who only need a fast car, they could use a basketball player who really needs quick feet. S.W.O.T Analysis:- Strengths: Puma is a well-none company and it is recognized in the worldwide at the shoes field because it has been established since 1948 and it started producing shoes since that time. Furthermore, for now most of Puma profits come from selling footwear -48.8 %-. As well as that, Puma has about 80 stores around the world in different countries that sell their shoes (Puma, 2013). Puma is sponsoring of many famous players and teams in various sports and the most important thing that they are sponsored of the fastest man on the earth Usain Bolt which can make Puma the best in the running shoes field compared with the competitors (Sammy, n.d.). Puma has great, different, innovative, unique and modern shoes designs and some of the Puma shoes designers are taking the idea of the shoes from some animals and getting inspired by them like what Raymond Horaceks idea for the Mobium shoes; he get inspired by cats to create those shoes (Puma Youtube,2013). That can be a good point for puma to be different that its competitors Nike and Adidas. Puma has an excellent management and good employees, staff and teams who manage the work and create the shoes. As what Owen Shifflett (Puma designer) said that Puma teams work together, they face the challenges together and they are friendly which make them try to create the best shoes every time (Shifflett, 2011) Weaknesses: Compared to the top Pumas competitors -Nike and Adidas- Puma has the lowest market shares in the athletic footwear which it is 7% while 31% for Nike and 16% for Adidas (see appendix 8) which creates a negative effect in the costumers minds. Puma focuses on some sports like football, running and golf and produces the most innovative shoes for them while neglect some other important sport such as basketball and swimming. While Nike and Adidas produce shoes for every sport even basketball since it is an important sport. This is can be knowing just by looking at the Puma official website cause there is no basketball section. Compared to the competitors Nike and Adidas, Puma has less financial strength than them and they get less money from its sales than them. In 2012, Puma got 3.27 million euro from selling its products while Adidas got 14.88 million euro (see appendix 9). Opportunities: Big events like Olympic and Boston marathon can be a great opportunity to raise their sales since Puma is really good at producing running shoes. Since the Pumas competitors are huge companies which they only use professional designers, Puma can take a step forward and cooperate with young designers to mentor them and to bring out their creativity so they will have professional designers in the future. Puma is starting to use technology to produce light width shoes such as the Puma tennis shoes which have been injected with light foam materials (apsense, 2011). Puma can focus more on lifestyle and fashion to become the first Sportlifestyle brand in the world to reach one of its goals (Puma, 2012). To became also different than its competitors. Puma can increase the health awareness campaigns to give the brand a good image. For example, make a new campaign like the campaign that held in 2012 which called Puma Project Pink to fight against breast cancer and to play football no matter what (Puma YouTube, 2012). Threats: Designs and ideas of Puma shoes are being copied and imitated by the competitive companies which sometimes they make shoes better than Puma shoes. Since the competitors are better than Puma, they get the advantage of being the best in producing shoes so that Puma lose its customers. Some of Pumas Asian competitors copy the Puma shoes designs and produce the same style of shoes with the Puma logo on them in cheaper prices. Therefore, Puma lose their customers who are looking for lower prices (shoesobsessions, 2009). There are many competitors outside that are competing Puma and trying to be better than it in the footwears field (hoovers, n.d.). As a result, it makes it hard to Puma to stay on the top because of the high competition. Nowadays, it needs a lot of money to sponsor an excellent sport players; millions of dollars. Therefore, Puma cannot make much sponsorship of the top good players since it has low financial strength so they cannot use many good players to advertise about their shoes. Appendix:- Appendix 1: Appendix 2: Untitled-1.gif Appendix 3: Appendix 4:301c80dea44e11e2b51f22000a9f4da7_7.jpg events.png Appendix 5: Appendix 6: creative-shoes.gif3b7b5674707f11e2b56022000a9f1354_7.jpg Appendix 7: Appendix 8:350px-Footwear_market_shares.pnghashtag.jpg Appendix 9:

Advantages of Buying an Existing Website :: Sell Websites Buy Web Sites

Advantages of Buying an Existing Website Reprinted with permission of VotanWeb.com With any new website you have two challenges: developing the product or service and then seeing what if anything, people are willing to pay you for it. Regardless of a website's past performance, an existing website will, at the very least, have a history from which you will be able to make certain decisions. Even if the website was not profitable in the past, your strengths may lend themselves perfectly to turning it into a viable venture. Furthermore, you have the ability to verify what the website did in the past that resulted in the current status of the operation. Pros: The website is 'up and running' already. It is likely to have an existing client base. The previous website owners are likely to lend support and goodwill. There is a tried and tested website formula to emulate. The website can be sold on by yourself. Generally more chance of success than starting a similar website from scratch. Cons: A large investment is often required, Website transfer costs i.e. lawyer, analysis, accountant etc.. A large amount of time required to research the opportunities available. Ease of Investigation In order to buy the right website, you will be required to do a thorough investigation of its past activities, its operations, its current status, the competition, the industry and its future potential. You will accumulate this information and then you will have to determine how it measures up with you at the helm. Clearly, this information gathering will be substantially more accurate and easier to obtain when dealing with an existing website, as you will have the resources available from which to get the details. Infrastructure You will have the benefit of purchasing a website that has an infrastructure including customers, suppliers, servers, and systems. This will allow you to focus on building the business as opposed to a start up or new website where everything begins at ground zero. Purchase Price Differences Buying an existing website does not mean that it will cost you more. In fact, many times it's less expensive than launching a new website. Even in those cases where it may require a premium, at least you know what you are getting if you investigate it properly. A new website will require a whole series of studies that will indicate that "theoretically' the website should do well.

Physics Investigatory Project Essay

-catch the attention, concise, accurate, and descriptive. -the phrase â€Å"A Study to Show† should be avoided, because in research you do not seek to prove something, but rather to find an answer B. Abstract -gives the essential or principal features of the project of the study -summary of the study which includes the objectives, procedures, and the result of the study CHAPTER 1 C. Introduction -presents the reasons that led the investigator to launch the study -a historical background maybe given -may state some observations and relevant conditions that prompted the investigator to launch the study. D. Statement of the Problem -the nature and scope of the problem should be presented with clarity. 1) General Objective- this is related to the problem as given in the early part 2) Specific Objective- this states the purpose of each experiment conducted E. Significance of the study -the importance of the study is explained in this part. -indicate the groups that will benefit on your study F. Scope and Limitations -states the coverage and extent of the study -states the focus of the study -states the samples and sampling techniques (e.g. this study is conducted in LCC-C with 30 respondents coming from fourth year†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.the researchers used questionnaires†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..) CHAPTER 2 G. Review of Related Literature -sufficient background information should be presented for readers to understand and evaluate the results of the present study and theories written on the topic should be included. -includes local and foreign related studies -note: do not just copy and paste the articles or any other related research on this part. The researchers should rephrase some statements to make it their own. -Use APA style in citing your references CHAPTER 3 H. Methodology –provides enough details so that a competent worker can repeat the experiments. -includes materials and general procedures. -materials and procedures should be supported by pictures CHAPTER IV I. Results and Discussion 1. Findings- the data may be presented in full and discussed descriptively in text or these maybe summarized by tables, pictures, and graphs 2. Analysis of Data- the interpretation of the findings are discussed and the significant features shown in the tables, figures or paragraphs are pointed out. 3. Conclusions- the general truth implied or illustrated by the results should be clearly stated. The evidence based on the results should be summarized for each statement. 4. Recommendations- consists of suggestions on future actions such as a new direction of research or further experiments to be performed, practices that might be adapted or discarded in order to attain certain goals or objectives. CHAPTER V- Bibliography

Process Work Essay

Module 1: Contexts: Unit 1: Purposes of the school curriculum |Unit 1 Activity 1: Changing curriculum principles | |I have made appropriate entries in my commonplace book |√ | |Unit 1 Activity 2: The hidden curriculum | |I have made appropriate entries in my commonplace book |√ | | Unit 1 Activity 3: Ivan Illich | |I have made appropriate entries in my commonplace book |√ | |Unit 1 Activity 4: What should the education system aim to achieve? | |I have made appropriate entries in my commonplace book |√ | |To what extent do you agree that ‘schools should be inculcating knowledge relevant to modern society such as the ability to live | |healthily, to manage money and to find fulfilment’ (Bloom, 2008: para 2). In the space below, write a piece for your tutor, in no more | |than 500 words, as a response to this question. | |A school is an institution designed for the teaching of students (or â€Å"pupils†) under the direction of teachers. Curriculum which is the | |frame work of the school has been broadly def ined as all the experiences learners have under the guidance of the school, and all planned | |learning for which the school is responsible Marsh C.J and Willis (http/coefaculty.aldosta.edu/grubbs/ definitions).Curriculum is | |structured to be flexible, and always reflect goals of the nation. | |( It is important to be clear about the correct meaning of terms but these definitions do not focus the reader immediately on the | |required subject.) | |Prof. John white ( White) a professor in the Institute of Education University of London is of ( the) opinion that schools should be | |inculcating knowledge relevant to modern day societal needs like ability to live healthy, manage money and find fulfilment ( new | |sentence?) in his published work â€Å"What schools are for and Why† White(2007).He is also of opinion that the existing curriculum with its | |emphasis on discrete subjects is a relic of the 19th century attitudes to school and he argues that such values no longer apply to the | |21st century. This writing is aimed at showing my extent of agreement with his opinion. | |Health is defined as feeling sound, well, vigorous and physically able to do things that most people ordinarily can do.J.Mirowsky and | |Ross (2003). Research shows that healthy eating can improve childrens’ concentration and help them do better in school says paediatric | |behavioural nutritionist Janice Baronowski from Baylor University in Houston.http://www.livestrong.com/article/192724. It was also | |observed in China that exercise which is part of the daily activities in schools kept the pupils mind and body alert, and helped their | |performance. Since the well-being of an individual including his emotional balance cannot be separated from his ability to succeed in the| |pursuit of his individual and societal interest at large, I agree that schools inculcate knowledge of the ability to live healthily. This| |will include regular exercise and healthy eating. However, some physical exercises done to keep fit could pose a threat to the health of | |some children. | |John white in his published work is also of opinion that money managing skills be taught children. Trilling and hood ( Hood) (2001) | |suggest that we are moving from the industrial age to the knowledge age where knowledge becomes manpower. As the world is growing and | |economic policies changing, I agree that children be taught how to spend and save but any attitude attached to spending is somewhat | |related to the level of income and needs of the individual which is very dynamic. On the other hand, a general principle on spending can | |be taught to guide children as they grow to fit into a larger society. Inculcating values like kindness, trust is also relevant as this | |are values that promote integrity and efficiency in the  way things are done in the society. | |Personal fulfilment however is a broader term to consider. It is encouraged that children learn to discover and live their dreams, but to| |what extent can we measure one’s fulfilment, and how relevant is an individual’s fulfilment ( fulfilment?) to the needs of the society? | |The school curriculum is a reflection of the needs of the society, therefore knowledge to be inculcated in schools should be aimed at | |achieving societal goals, not just individuals finding fufillment in what they do. | |( You are beginning to develop some interesting arguments here. I was interested , especially, in how you related health to effective | |learning and identified the possible contradiction between individual fulfilment and societal needs. You have the potential here to | |take a more critical , and questioning, view of White’s theory although this is not developed. | |You weaken your argument by not keeping a clear focus on the required task as well as through having unnecessary errors in writing. To | |present work at Masters level requires more careful proof reading. ) | |Unit 1 Activity 5: Overall curriculum aims | |I have made appropriate entries in my commonplace book |√ | |I have watched and listened to the feedback provided at the end of the activity |√ | |I have added to/amended my commonplace book entries in the light of this feedback |√ | |Unit 1 Activity 6: The purposes of one curriculum subject | |I have made appropriate entries in my commonplace book |√ | |I have posted a contribution to the discussion board |√ | |Please paste the text of your initial discussion board entry below: | |Language study is as important as the essence of language itself which is basically communication.Communication is a necessary tool | |required for human  beings to co-exist, and language is a dominant means of communication.Language is all emcompassing,it ( It) is the | |identity of any tribe and nation at large, ( ?) it is the medium for interaction between teachers and pupils for all subjects,and also | |necessary for internationa l relations. | |English and French are two languages widely spoken in countries all over the world.English is the Lingua Franca of most British colonized| |nations,Nigeria inclusive,among over 250 languages spoken in the country.It is also important to be competent in the use of English as | |the Lingua franca of the nation.Asides effective communication,competence builds confidence which is a necessary quality children should | |imbibe.In Nigeria English is taught as a core subject from nursery to secondary school level,and in the University it is compulsorily | |studied as a general course. | | | |( You present a reasoned case. Again, watch sentence structure and the use of capital letters) | |Unit 1 Activity 7: Education and the knowledge age | |I have made appropriate entries in my commonplace book |√ | |I have read the feedback provided at the end of the activity |√ | |I have added to/amended my commonplace book entries in the light of this feedback |√ | PGCE International – Process work record form Module 1: Contexts: Unit 2: Understanding educational systems |Unit 2 Activity 1: Crossing cultures | |I have made appropriate entries in my commonplace book |√ | |I have watched and listened to the feedback provided at the end of the activity  |√ | |I have added to/amended my commonplace book entries in the light of this feedback |√ | |Unit 2 Activity 2: Key issues in your own educational system | |I have made appropriate entries in my commonplace book |√ | |What might your tutor need to understand about your own educational contexts (both teaching and learning)? In the space below, write an | |analysis, in no more than 500 words, of the main issues which she or he will need to take into consideration when responding to your work| |on this course: | | KEY EDUCATIONAL ISSUES IN MY COUNTRY | |In discussing major issues in the Nigerian Education system where I practice,it is important to note that there is no uniformity of | |standard and practice.While Government schools run with a standard and curriculum,the private schools adopt standards and curriculum in | |line with the vision of their owners so we have the British,Turkish,Lebanese,American and even a blend of more than one curriculum in | |practice by different schools.This disuniformity ( I do not think this is a correct word, though I understand what you are saying. You | |would need to state â€Å"This lack of uniformity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) in standard in itsself ( itself?) is a major issue.For this reason the dominant issues | |in the public schools like poor infrastructure,fewer learning and teaching aids, might not be very ( ?) present in the private | |schools. This is as a result of fund mismanagement and poor maintenance of existing facilities in public schools. ( Are you arguing that | |it is the lack of Government standard and curriculum that leads to better facilities and learning in private schools? I am not clear of | |your argument.) | |Poor power supply affects the use of electronic teaching and learning aids such as the interactive white board,computers,etc. and | |facilities that enhance a comfortable learning environment like the air conditioners and fans.Though this is a challenge faced by both | |the public and private schools at large,it is largely overcome by the private schools that use alternative power  supply.This | |however,means extra cost to these schools and is shared by the children as they have to pay higher school fees thus making very good | |quality education expensive and hardly affordable for those below average class. | |Teachers’ welfare in the past was very poor as they were not well renumerated an d in most schools both public and private,they are | |still poorly paid and priced.This has led to a negative approach towards the profession and demotivated people from going into practice.A| |high turnover of teachers also exists in schools as existing teachers leave the profession for more â€Å"promising professions†.Some teachers| |are not motivated enough to give their best to the profession and are most times absent from the classroom as a result of this poor | |treatment especially in government schools. The country is however in the process of improving teachers welfare. | |Educational policies for some time, have not been relatively stable so we have a policy implemented today and discarded tomorrow, for | |instance the 6-3-3-4 system of six years in primary school,three years in a vocational training school for those who can not go further | |to secondary education,three years in senior secondary school and four years in university was changed to a 9-3-4 education system which | |was kicked against by many technocrats in the field.shortly ( start a sentence with a capital letter) after it was changed back to the | |6-3-3-4 system.This instability has greatly challenged the Nigerian Educational system,considering the cost of training teachers to | |reflect policy aims,and cost of adopting and implementing the policies. | |The Multi ethnicity of the country has an effect on the country’s education policies.What may be acceptable as a practice in one state or| |culture might n ot be in another.For instance, in the Northern part of Nigeria, culture places more restriction on the females unlike | |other parts of the country, thereby making it difficult for some policies to be implemented.This is especially as regards curriculum and | |professional practice. | | | |( You raise many interesting issues in this response. You still need to proof read with  greater care and check the clarity of every | |argument.) | | | | | | | |Unit 2 Activity 3: Exploring Teachers TV | |I have watched at least three of the Teachers TV videos and made appropriate notes | |in my commonplace book |√ | |Unit 2 Activity 4: Comparing approaches | |I have made appropriate entries in my commonplace book |√ | |Unit 2 Activity 5: Improving approaches | |I have made appropriate entries in my commonplace book |√ | |I have listened to the feedback provided at the end of the activity |√ | |I have added to/amended my commonplace book entries in the light of this feedback |√ | |I have posted a contribution to the discussion board |√ | |Please paste the text of your initial discussion board contribution below: | |I agree that some elements of the practices in the educational system of other countries have been adopted into the Nigerian educational | |system and will like to add that failure of the 6-3-3-4 system is not in its inability to produce competent graduates who can fit into | |the larger society, but in the fact that its aim of six years compulsory primary education accompanied with three years vocational | |training in vocational schools was not fully achieved.This is seen in the existence of fewer vocational schools for science,wood, | |furniture and textile making in the country. | |On mathematics I suppose the difference between the practice in Hungary and  Nigeria lies more in the method employed in teaching the | |subject. Maths teaching in Nigeria is more abstract and most teachers,especially in government schools, use less attractive manipulatives | |in teaching concepts compared to the Hungarian practice.In Nigeria focus seems to be on the cognitive with less emphasis on process which| |i ( I) believe amounts to the reason why at age 8 children can recite multiplication tables to 12. I also observed that students | |performance in the subject in Nigeria seems to be poorer compared to their counterparts in Hungary.In the external examination conducted | |in my secondary school which is owned by the Federal Government in 2005, over 50% failure in maths was recorded. | |Although there is current record of improvement in the subject,I believe if we adopt the Hungarian method of teaching the subject | |practically with more attractive manipulatives especially in early education stage, and organize periodic seminars for teachers | |irrespective of the sector which they belong to on improved strategies for teaching the subject, there will be improved performance in | |mathematics among students in Nigeria. | |( You demonstrate that you have engaged with the materials   on the course and are relating them to your own experience in Nigerian | |schools.) | |Unit 2 Activity 6: Exploring links | |I have made appropriate entries in my commonplace book |√ | |Unit 2 Activity 7: British Council Schools Online | |I have made appropriate entries in my commonplace book |√ | PGCE International – Process work record form Module 1: Contexts: Unit 3: Understanding the classroom |Unit 3 Activity 1: The value of observation | |I have made appropriate entries in my commonplace book |√ | |I have listened to the feedback provided at the end of the activity |√ | |I have added to/amended my commonplace book entries in the light of this feedback |√ | |Unit 3 Activity 2: The ethics of classroom observation | |I have made appropriate entries in my commonplace book |√ | |I have read the feedback provided at the end of the activity |√ | |I have added to/amended my commonplace book entries in the light of this feedback |√ | |Unit 3 Activity 3: Observing two pupils | |I have made appropriate entries in my commonplace book |√ | |Unit 3 Activity 4: Three further influential factors | |I have made appropriate entries in my commonplace book |√ | |I have read the feedback provided at the end of the activity |√ | |I have added to/amended my commonplace book entries in the light of this feedback |√ | |Unit 3 Activity 5: Creating a positive classroom ethos | |I have made ap propriate entries in my commonplace book |√ | |Unit 3 Activity 6: Social and emotional aspects of learning | |I have made appropriate entries in my commonplace book |√ | |I have read the feedback provided at the end of the activity |√ | |I have added to/amended my commonplace book entries in the light  of this feedback |√ | |Unit 3 Activity 7: Pupil grouping and the learning environment | |I have made appropriate entries in my commonplace book |√ | |I have posted a contribution to the discussion board |√ | |Please paste the text of your initial discussion board contribution below: | |I will prefer grouping pupils based on mixed ability. This is to enhance exchange of not only ideas, but also to encourage character and | |learning strategy influence between the high and low ability. If learning is to be child centred, then I believe children should be given| |a chance to learn from each other, not only from their teachers. However grouping based on ability will be encouraged in core subjects | |like Mathematics to help those struggling in the subject recieve ( receive) more attention from teachers in their areas of challenge, but| |learning would not be restricted to this setting alone, ( New sentence?) grouping will vary based on topic taught and needs of the | |learner. | |Language classes will be more beneficial if there is mixed ability grouping because Language theorist ( Are you referring to someone | |specific? If so state this.) have proven that Language is better learnt through association especially between the more competent and the| |less competent ones. | |( You present some good arguments here. Do writers like Kutnick raise any other issues that you think are important? Are there | |circumstances in the classroom when you would not use mixed ability grouping but , instead, base grouping on other factors?) | |Unit 3 Activity 8: Multimodal semiotic analysis | |I have made appropriate entries in my commonplace book |√ | |I have watched/listened to the feedback provided at the end of the activity |√ | |I have added to/amended my commonplace book entries in the light of this feedback  |√ | |Unit 3 Activity 9: Classroom observation | |I have made appropriate entries in my commonplace book |√ | |In the light of your classroo m observation, think about any new understandings which you feel that this approach has provided for you. | |Have you been surprised by any of the ways in which meanings can be constructed in classrooms? Write a critical account of multimodal | |semiotic analysis as a methodology. What are its strengths and limitations? | |In the space below, write a summary of your responses to these questions (in no more than 500 words) for your tutor: | |Multimodal semiotics is deriving meaning from different modes employed by the teacher in the classroom. Semiotics refers to meaning of | |all kinds, with sign as its central focus that is meaning derived not only from words spoken, but in other symbols. Modes refer to the | |many means by which meaning is made. Kress et al (2005). Modes described by Kress et al include classroom layout, voice quality, visual | |display, gesture, gaze, movement of teacher. Multi means various or different kinds. Multimodal semiotics as a concept looks at meaning | |not derived from only one mode in the classroom, but from an interaction between different modes, just as how much is said, written and | |read. | |In observing an English lesson on traditional tale for year 2 pupils, I took note of the modes employed by the teacher during the lesson | |which includes voice quality, movement and seating arrangement of the pupils, in the cassroom ( classroom).The teacher started on a calm | |low pitched yet confident tone.This tone created a rather friendly and relaxed environment for the children. As the lesson progressed, | |her tone also rose in a clear progression,without loosing its calmness,or sounding too loud.The key words in the | |lesson;tale,traditional,story,villain,happyending,etc. were stressed as she pronounced them. She was also very audible and spoke with | |such clarity that showed great confidence and captivated the attention of the children. I observed that this tone of confidence, | |influenced the behaviour of the children.She did not have to deal so much with inappropraite  behaviour in the classroom, her voice tone | |simply gave an atmosphere of discipline. | |The pupils all sat in twos on tables arranged in traditional setting of three rows, facing the teacher who was majorly( mainly?) standing| |before them, with her table at the side in front of the classroom. Her table position was such that she could monitor the children from | |all angles without necessarily seating in front of them. Seating arrangement was changed to group seating when a task was given. The | |pupils were asked to use WOW words to describe a picture on the interactive white board and were placed in groups of four on each table, | |facing each other which I observed encouraged participation between all the children in the classroom. After performing the task, the | |pupils went back to their former positions. For another task, pupils sat in twos on different tables to form mnemonics to remember | |spellings of different words. Her movement was however restricted as she scarcely moved around to see what the pupils were doing, but | |only gave instructions vocally. Sh e had someone from each table stand and read out what was on a worksheet. This made the lesson look | |teacher centered. | |The teacher’s restricted movement did not really reflect a participatory class environment but a teacher centred one, contrary to the | |seating arrangement. The tone of the teacher however influenced the lesson style; it was very confident, quite firm and created a | |friendly environment. The rising and falling tone captivated the pupils’ interest and I observed that this made the lesson interesting. | |( You show good understanding of this theory of communication in the classroom and how it can be used to support deeper observation of | |what is taking place. You show good observation and identify many interesting aspects of the lesson. I also found interesting how the | |teacher proved more effective in different parts of the lesson. Well answered.) | | |